Essay about Social Learning Theories and Juveniles

Running Head: Social Learning Theories and Juveniles Social Learning Theories Relating to Juvenile delinquency Abstract This paper takes a closer look at the social learning’s of society’s subculture that displays delinquent behavior. Using differential association I explain the learned behavior through the social environment such as role models, peer influence, and poverty stricken families. Delinquency is not biologically nor psychologically but is learned just as a person learns to obey the law. The study design is to help further the notion that criminal behavior is learned and not inherited due to genetic structure. Social Learning Theories Relating to Juvenile delinquency In today’s society juvenile delinquency is the†¦show more content†¦Interactions with individuals who have experience committing a particular type of crime may allow an individual to acquire this knowledge more easily, thereby leading to increased activity in the parallel crime category. Access to individuals with experience in a given criminal activity might assist in the formation or expansion of an individual’s criminal network (Bayer, Pintoff, Pozen, 2003). Just like having a network of friends, criminal networking is important in more complicated criminal activities such as those related to illegal drugs, which require a great deal of organization among manufacturers, distributors, sellers, and users (Bayer et al., 2003). In an effort to figure out a path to take to deter crime a prison in Singapore has taken that step. Kaki Bukit Center (KBC) Prison School is the only prison school in Singapore and in South East Asia. KBC is an innovative proposal aimed at optimizing resources and spearheading rehabilitation programs in an institutional setting. KBC brings together, in a single centralized location, different categories of inmates from both penal and drug institutions who attend academic and vocational classes to enhance their educational qualifications. The schools efforts are supported by a multidisciplinary team (i.e., teachers, prisonShow MoreRelatedSocial And Social Learning Theory1553 Words   |  7 PagesThe Social Learning Theory is best defined as crime is learned through associations with others who commit crimes. Juveniles are very impressionable or gullible, wherein they want to be popular or part of the in-crowd or clique. In comparison to the 1970’s versus today, juveniles are e mulating criminals depicted on television not just through associations. Consider the current state of technology, specifically the internet and websites such as â€Å"You Tube.† With respect to crime and juvenile delinquentsRead MoreThe General Strain Theory Of Female Delinquency1253 Words   |  6 Pagestheories. A major theory used to explain female delinquency is the general strain theory (GST). According to Bartollas, â€Å"GST explains female delinquency by contending that many females experience harsh discipline, parental rejection, peer abuse, negative secondary school experience, homelessness, and a strong need for money;† these strains can cause females to cope through delinquent behavior (73). The social learning theory also explains female delinquency as â€Å"some females tend to associate withRead MoreThe Theories Of Crime Causation Essay1414 Words   |  6 Pages Theories of Crime Causation Dolores Jackson Williams Colorado Technical University Juvenile offender 1. Biological theory states that the individual will have certain traits will be transmitted from parent to children through genetics and not from social learning. Along with the juvenile having similar facial characteristics, which some believe also predisposes them to criminal behavior (Palmerin, 2012). 2. Rational choice theory states that the person will make sensible and reasonableRead MoreTheories of Juvenile Delinquency703 Words   |  3 PagesTheories of Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile delinquency is a threat to society and accordingly, the need to develop an understanding of the deviant behavior is of an utmost importance. There are several theories that explain delinquency and collectively, they provide a greater understanding for administrators and policy makers that are essential in developing programs and treatments that reduce juvenile delinquency and minimize its impact on our societies. This paper will discuss two prominent theoriesRead MoreContributing Factors to Juvenile Delinquency1620 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile delinquency, according to Agnew and Brezina, is the violation of the law by a minor which is any persons under the age of 18 in most states. There are many contributing factors to juvenile delinquency such as domestic issues or stress at school, and there are also four different theories, strain, social learning, control, and labeling, to explain the different prospective of why it is thought that juveniles commence in delinquent behavior. This particular discussion however, is going toRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Learning Theory980 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Learning theory is one of the most widely researched theories because it attempts to explain the origins of criminal behavior. Albert Bandura was one of the pioneers of this approach. His main point was that criminals are not ‘born’ criminals; rather individuals learn to be criminals through a process of learning, which occurs as a result of experiences. (Akers, 1990:3). However, this paper’s focus is not on Bandura’s theory rather it is on Ronald Aker’s theory that explores which associationsRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : A Complex Social Phenomenon Of Criminal Behavior Essay1701 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Given the range and significance of juvenile delinquency, the demand for understanding strategies has become apparent in order to combat a complex social phenomenon of criminal behavior in juveniles. The juvenile justice system is an intricate part of juvenile justice intertwining law enforcement, court and correctional agencies along with the community when dealing with juvenile delinquents. Thus, understanding delinquents and how they behave is crucial when considering the effectivenessRead MoreThe Legal System Of School1438 Words   |  6 PagesThrough the seventeenth and eighteenth century, multiple developments that occurred in England aided in the advancements and recognition of children’s rights. Over time, these advancements affected the juvenile legal system as it emerged in America. These changes include changes in family style and child care, the English Poor Laws, the apprenticeship movement, and the role of the chancery court. (Siegel and Welsh) Changes in family structure made a huge difference with children’s rights. MarriageRead MoreCriminological Theories Of Juvenile Violence845 Words   |  4 Pagesdecades include juvenile violence. Juveniles can commit violence for an infinite amount of reasons like parental abuse, being bullied in school or peers, mental illness, and other outside factors. Juvenile are in a period in their lives where countless aspects can influence the way they think, act, and even speak. Criminological theories have been created and tested to factor why juveniles partake in crime and why do they tend to be influenced to continuously break the law. Theories like micro, macroRead MoreWhat Causes The Problem Of Juveniles1164 Words   |  5 PagesTo Exist? The study of juveniles is very important because children and adolescents are supposed to be the future of our world. Not only that, but we, the citizens of the United States, should pay more attention to the juveniles and create a new set of laws that would prevent juveniles from committing any source of crimes. If we do something about it before any further problems get involved, we can reduce the crimes of our communities by starting working with our juveniles. This involves some rehabilitation

Maritime Trade, Global Economies, and the Megaports Initiative Free Essays

Maritime Trade, Global Economies, and the Megaports Initiative The purpose of this posting is two-fold. Part one is to describe the importance of maritime trade to global economies, and part two is to illustrate the importance of the Megaports Initiative to international trade. Part One: Obviously, global trade involves moving finished goods and heavy commodities over long distances. We will write a custom essay sample on Maritime Trade, Global Economies, and the Megaports Initiative or any similar topic only for you Order Now From both a tonnage perspective and value perspective, an overwhelming share of inter-hemispheric and trans-oceanic trade involves the use of maritime (as opposed to aviation) transportation. Therefore, as I composed this response, I considered â€Å"global trade† and â€Å"international trade† nearly synonymous with â€Å"maritime trade. † Rather than simply â€Å"describe† the importance of maritime global trade, I shall actually â€Å"emphasize† its importance so that you, the reader, know right away that I am a staunch and firm proponent of free trade. Free, unfettered, and unregulated global trade (with some notable exceptions below) is hugely beneficial to the aggregate welfare of the world at large. The explosion of global trade over the last 5 decades has lifted entire segments of populations throughout China, India, Vietnam, Brazil, and nearly ALL of Korea out of poverty and into a new working and stable middle class. Ancillary benefits include significant improvements in literacy, life expectancy, and gains in personal freedom and self determination, with China being a frustrating exception. Critics of global trade (a wily bunch ranging from thoughtful academics to concerned unions to undisciplined and uninformed â€Å"anarchists†) have all sorts of counter arguments against a global economy. Their protestations are far too numerous to address at length in this forum, but a quick review of some of the fallacious and unfounded concerns would include: global trade suppresses the â€Å"locally grown† movement; it enriches the wealthy at the expense of the world’s poor; it â€Å"increases† global output of carbon dioxide, etc. These â€Å"fringe† concerns are fallacious because world trade allows the most efficient producer access to all markets. Efficiency, by definition, means the producer who uses the LEAST amount of ggregate raw material (be it feed-stocks, acreage, labor, energy per unit produced, scarce components, etc) will be rewarded with global business. A more valid concern, generally advanced by American unions, might be the loss of manufacturing and textile jobs in the United States. A painful reality of global trade is that the benefits are NOT pareto optimal: they are not distributed evenly, and there will be both winners and losers. In this context, trade unions and isolationists in the U. S. ave felt the economic pain as cost conscious manufacturers have moved production overseas. In some industries (automobiles, in particular) overseas competitors simply beat long dominant American producers at their own game. In response, American unions have sometimes confused protectionism with patriotism. There is nothing â€Å"patriotic† about preserving an uncompetitive and underperforming industry. On the contrary, protectionism denies the American consumer choices and it stifles American innovation. Global trade, which is realized by a robust maritime trade, encourages all producers to be innovative, and it elevates the real purchasing power of the world consumer. As promised, there are some brief caveats, however, to the argument I advanced above. Free, unfettered, and unregulated trade should strive to resemble â€Å"fair trade† to the maximum extent possible. The world economy should not benefit from the producer who achieves a competitive edge through the use of child labor, slave labor, indentured servitude, or a total disregard for the environmental effects of his production. The mechanisms to establish those standards (much less enforce them) is a topic for another paper, but it should be mentioned in light of the argument I have advanced above. Part Two: The exact statement we are being asked to consider is the following: â€Å"Illustrate the importance of the Mega Ports to International Trade. † Here’s my contrarian assessment: The Megaports initiative is a SECURITY measure, NOT a trade measure. So I would argue that it has little â€Å"importance† to international trade, but very significant importance with respect to national security. The Megaports initiative is a U. S. lead, internationally coordinated effort to scan containerized cargo for radiation hazards and threats. Thus, Megaports WILL become an important concern to international trade only if it manages to DISRUPT it†¦ which it might, depending upon the capabilities of the screening equipment used and the rigidity of DHS/DOE’s ambitious goal of screening 50% of containerized cargo by 2015. I have some reservations about the ability of the federal government to reach its stated goal of 50% screening, and I also am skeptical about the efficacy claims of the equipment that is to be deployed. The manufacturers of expensive, high tech screening equipment that cater to DHS have a pretty solid record of over-promising (or, at least exaggerating) the abilities of their wares. Radiological detectors can produce some impressive diagnostic results, but they are too slow to handle large volumes of cargo. Full spectrum scans can take several minutes for a 56 foot intermodal ITU (International Transport Unit). The larger U. S. ports handle upwards of 2000 imported containers per day. In layman’s terms, there is simply not enough time in the day to screen 1000 TEU’s per day with existing technology. I’m also concerned that the deployment of screening equipment (the most precise equipment is not mobile, but fixed) will create chokepoints around ports and may delay trade and interfere with the well choreographed transfers between railways, trucking companies, and shipping. My final concern deals with what is perhaps an unavoidable obstacle. Exactly what is the point of screening for radiological WMD’s when those WMD’s have already arrived at a U. S. port? If a nefarious group has the means to procure a nuclear device (either â€Å"dirty† or truly fissile), then we can safely assume those same bad actors could incorporate inertial navigation (which does not rely on GPS reception) to detonate the device at a desired location along the transport route. In conclusion, I am skeptical of the cost-benefit mix of this initiative. If it’s going to be deployed, it should be deployed honestly: as a â€Å"spot check† mechanism of deterrence. The United States should also do everything in its power to screen U. S. A. bound cargo at the cargo’s port of origin, rather than at the port of destination. References: The National Nuclear Security Administration, Megaports Initiative (October 2009), U. S. Department of Energy. (Retrieved from the AMU HLSS 645 course materials folder on 14 December 2009) How to cite Maritime Trade, Global Economies, and the Megaports Initiative, Essays

Australia Online Education Information System Strategy and Management

Question: Discuss about theAustralia Online Educationfor Information System Strategy and Management. Answer: Introduction Australian education system provides an education system using MYOB a managing system for managing the education among students who are abroad and they would wish to study in Australia using an online platform. It is a not for profit organization which enhances spreading of literacy among people with no funds to finance their education to study online. The student interacts with the computer as a means of transmitting information in order to share knowledge among individuals willing to learn. It provides online education to students in business and information Technology via the computer platform with students from Papua New Guinea and the South Pacific Island. It initiated programs which enable students to be what they want to become in the future by pursuing them. The learners does not have necessarily to attend Universities or colleges to attain the degrees rather they are transmitted online and acquired with ease after pursuing the course. Australian education system of studying abroad extends to the community at large and works together with the students to enrich their knowhow and experience in matters relating to Information Communication Technology. Competitive Environment There is provision of learning opportunities to enhance the generic skills and development of discipline specific skills. AusEd is the online platform that the New Zealand government and the Australian government in conjunction united to upgrade the students from other parts of the world by paying their school fees and supporting their needs until completion of the project. The less privileged citizens in the society benefit from the program as they are taken through an education system on the higher learning which would not be possible if they were not enrolled into the digital learning. The benefit of studying AusEd is that there is no need of attending a campus hence the studies are available on the internet with all the units and subjects that the students requires as well as the study materials. There are certain guidelines that must be followed by the nonprofit making organizations in the country hence this pertains to complying with the stipulated guidelines and ensuring adherence with the law governing such institutions. The tertiary education system has got measures that it has laid in place hence Austrian online education must also follow the procedures of becoming an acceptable curriculum. The systems are updated frequently and performance is sent to the relevant government authority for ascertainment. The mode of study that is used is special study features and online discussion forums where the study materials are sent online or posted to the site where they can accessed by everybody who pursues the course. The other advantage is that students builds their career as early as possible by enrolling in the information Technology, there is specialization at an earlier stage where the person selects a few units to undertake as part of his/her career. There are various programs such as business related information technology, website designing, computer engineering and studies pertaining the trending technology and software development. Barnett (1999, p. 178) stated that government and the Internet providence is necessary in AusEd to equip individuals with skills of performing personal tasks and manage own work by familiarizing with the units and materials that the Australian tutors and lecturers offer they are called professional pathway units. Database management is important and it is incorporated in the studies as well as systems engineering and networking. The business related courses are supply and chain management, accounting and occupational health. There is a choice to undertake a double degree which will entail pursuing thirty six bachelor degree units in business and the Information Technology. The is utilization of time available when a student have got much of it at the disposal hence he will be able to benefit at the end of the course by attaining two degrees at the same time. IS Maturity The resources that are contributed by the government of New Zealand are well spent by the hardworking students who opt to combine both studies. The human resource is available for employing by companies around the world in the industries and other entities. The governments gain a good reputation and it is accredited as a good performing leadership as compared to other leaderships. The AusEd has got three departments which include: course delivery, operations and sales which are some of the main courses that are offered in the system and each department has got its facilitators who undertake the units and guide the students. Gordon (1997, p. 101) stated that a global information society in culture and democracy revisited the options available for these individuals are a variety given that most of them are from different parts of the world. The Australian government has set aside a strategic place for establishment of an Information system called Darwin which is close to resources and the accessibility is also possible. Their capacity to handle existence of a qualified technical staff which enhances functioning of the accounting systems according to the expected standards and hence delivering an output of the results in maintaining an eff ective and efficient operational system. The use of MYOB software in relationship with people and management in the Information system is used to ensure that the applications are properly organizedSecurity of documents is practiced and legality of the same to those who have qualified and pursued various degrees as it is recommended by the standards of the government. Emerging Issues in ICT Plagiarism entails copying an intellectual property of another person and using it as personal property to acquire marks and grades. The duplication of information exactly as it appears is illegal practice in Australia because it supports overreliance on the internet even on simple tasks that should be handled by the students. Berleur (1996, P.287) said that computer codes could be used in spaces for discussion and promote law while discouraging laziness and overdependence on the computer to conduct research by individuals instead of digging deep in the library and books which have been used by various scholars. The other issue is cyber-attacks where worms and virus spread to the laptop computers and websites that are used for researching; this affects the unfriendly behaviors that are to be conducted online by these people. Hacking is a technique used by criminals to enter into the AusEd illegally and they sometimes cheat individuals to pay school fees for them to acquire the academic credentials. Rainone (1998, p.127) stated that ethical Management of employee enhance E-mail Privacy and thus a good information strategy is required. The malpractice of cyber criminals by creating a prototype of the same AusEd brings about confusion since one cannot differentiate the legit online academic site. Methods of Overcoming Resistance to Change The use of open source Moodle is incorporated which has the capability to handle a range of networks where the proprietary student management system is the tool that is used in enhancing that all data is compiled and submitted on time. The examinations are conducted on the internet and there is no need of physical appearance in the examination rooms. The criteria used for marking is the best as it is compared to others methods that the open learning programs uses to relay knowledge among students. Change cannot be resisted hence the programs have to be flexible to incorporate Cappel (1995, p.245) stated that ethical beliefs and perceptions of electronic mail bring about new units and subjects that are new in the education system. There should be established a well-developed software that will collect information as feedback for modification of the Information system from its traditional mode. The students and tutors offering lecture to individuals undertaking these units should be encompassed with advanced computing skills for performing their duties according to the expectation of Australian government and New Zealand nationals. The problem solving skills among experts are necessary for handling matters that are related to the accounting and advanced units in the education system. Conclusion Open source sugar CRM software that is exceptional can handle multiple services in the area of study. There is an email system that facilitates sharing of messages for studying purposes among the students. The information among individuals is shared to enhance learning among these learned elites. The Microsoft exchange server of 2007 provides a good basis upon which the email system is built for continuity in learning. Banner has got special features that give it the command over all files of the website and online institution. Tavani (2001, p.198) said that there is need for privacy protection, Control of Information, and Privacy-to enhance technologies it cannot be easily corrupted and thus there is confidentiality. Bibliography Adler, R.J., Feldman, J. K., Taggu, M. S. (1998). A Practical Guide to Heavy Tails: Statistical Techniques and Applications. Boston, Mass Birkhuser publishers London press. https://www.informs-cs.org/wsc99papers/prog99.html. Accessed August 4, 2004. Benjamin, J.R., Cornell, F. L. (1970). Probability, Statistics, and Decision for Civil Engineers. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishers American press. https://www.genevaassociation.org/media/219919/ga1982_gp7%2823%29. Accessed November 3, 2001. Breyfogle, F. W. (1999). Implementing Six Sigma: Smarter Solutions Using Statistical Methods. New York: John Wiley and Sons publishers Texas press. https://www.researchgate.net/.../222762747_A_classified_bibliography_of Accessed January 17, 2003. Burlington, Richard S., Donald C. M. (1953). Handbook of Probability and Statistics with Tables. Sandusky, Ohio: Handbook Publishers, New York press. https://www.amazon.com/Risk...Management-Bibliography. Accessed June 9,199. Norman, Y.E. (1996). PDRI: Project Definition Rating Index, Industrial Projects. The Construction Industry Institute, Implementation Resource . Jersy publishers Vermellin press. https: //court.herve.pagesperso-orange.fr/Bibliography. Accessed February 20, 2000 Adler, R.J., Feldman, R. E. (1998). A Practical Guide to Heavy Tails: Statistical Techniques and Applications. Boston, Mass.: Birkhuser Publishers Bayern press. Benjamin, J.R., Allan, C. C. (1970). Probability, Statistics, and Decision for Civil Engineers. New York: McGraw-Hill publishers America press. References Cappel, J.J. (1995). A Study of Individuals Ethical Beliefs and Perceptions of Electronic Mail Privacy, Journal of Business Ethics, 14, 10, 819-827. Rainone, S.M., Ward, B.T. (1998). Ethical Management of Employee E-mail Privacy, Information Strategy: The Executives Journal, 1, 7, 629-640. Tavani, H.T., Moor, J.H. (2001). Privacy Protection, Control of Information, and Privacy-Enhancing Technologies, Computers and Society, 31, 1, 6-11. Berleur, J. T., Bruunstein, K. R. (1996). Ethics of Computing: Codes, Spaces for Discussion and Law, Chapman Hall: London Times press. Gordon, J. H., Whitehouse, D. R. (1997). A Global Information Society: Culture and Democracy Revisited (Proceedings of the IFIP WG 9.2/9.5 Corfu International Conference) Chapman Hall: London Europe press. Barnett, N. J., Duquenoy, P. K., Whitehouse, D. V. (1999). Government and the Internet providance, (IFIP Framework for the Ethics of Computing), Australia Austria Press.